Vaccine-makers’ job is done if they can reduce Covid-19 to ‘the sniffles’ even if the jabs don’t stop people catching or spreading the coronavirus, one of Oxford’s vaccine chiefs said today.
Professor Andrew Pollard, who is running the studies of the university’s vaccine, said the South African variant of the virus was not a ‘reason for alarm’ and jabs should work against it.
Although they might be less able to prevent transmission, he said, current jabs were still protecting people from hospitalisation even with mutated viruses.
The comments came after a study over the weekend claimed Oxford’s vaccine was not protecting young people from mild to moderate Covid infections in South Africa.
The variant of the virus there, which has been detected 147 times in the UK, has mutated in a way that allows it to slip past the immune system if someone’s immunity is based on an older version of the virus.
And there are fears the virus will keep mutating in this way as more people become immune, eventually rendering the vaccines less and less effective.
Professor Pollard told the All-Party Parliamentary Group on coronavirus: ‘The most likely thing is that new versions of this virus will continue to be made to allow it to better transmit in the population. The question is does that matter?
‘Are vaccines still going to be good enough to stop people going into hospital or dying? Because actually, if people have just got the sniffles I think our job is done.’
Professor Andrew Pollard (receiving his Covid vaccine last month), director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, said results suggesting the Oxford University Covid vaccine doesn’t stop people falling mildly unwell with the South African variant were ‘expected’
The three Covid variants causing international alarm emerged in Britain, South Africa and Brazil
‘Surge testing’ has been ordered in several areas to tackle the South African and Kent variant of coronavirus. Parts of Manchester have now been added to the list
Almost 12.5million have already received their first dose of vaccine and the health service is administering 450,000 on average every day
When asked about whether the current vaccines would still work against the South African and Brazilian variants, which are concerning researchers because they are able to resist previous immunity, Professor Pollard said we need to be prepared but he was optimistic.
He told MPs: ‘All of the vaccines in the trials are in those regions that we’re talking about, where new variants are emerging, and we are not seeing a sudden shift so that lots of people who were vaccinated are ending up in hospital.
‘They’re still being protected from hospitalisation.
‘We need more data to be absolutely secure on this and we will be gathering that in all these different countries.
‘But if that’s the case: we might need boosters, we might need tweaks every year but, actually, we might not. We might be generating enough immunity from the current generation of vaccines to stop severe disease…
‘In the meantime we can’t afford to be complacent so we have to have new vaccines ready in case we need them.’
On BBC’s Today programme this morning he had said the evolution of the virus and its impact on the vaccine was ‘exactly what we would have expected’.
He hinted that Oxford’s own trials in South Africa had shown the vaccine is effective at preventing hospitalisations and deaths.
Professor Pollard said: ‘The really important point though is that all vaccines, everywhere in the world where they’ve been tested, are still preventing severe disease and death.
‘And I think that is perhaps the clue to the future here, that we are going to see new variants arise and they will spread in the population, like most of the viruses that cause colds every winter.
‘But, as long as we have enough immunity to prevent severe disease, hospitalisations and death, then we’re going to be fine in the future in the pandemic.’
In a separate interview with the Today programme, Professor David Heymann, a top epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, was asked if people were going to have to ‘learn to live with’ coronavirus circulating.
He said: ‘It certainly seems like that in the shorter term, and probably in the long term as well.
‘Most experts believe that this disease is now becoming endemic, but the good thing is that we have many tools including vaccines with which we can deal with this virus.’
Drawing a comparison with the spread of HIV/Aids, he added: ‘We’ve learned to live with it, as we’ll learn to live with this infection as well.’
But despite Professor Pollard and Professor Heymann’s calls for calm, a top SAGE scientist warned today Britain could be trapped in lockdown cycles for ‘several years’ as it’s forced to wrestle with new variants.
Professor Sir Ian Boyd, an infectious disease expert at the University of St Andrews, said the emergence of potentially jab-resistant strains means the UK could be stuck in a pattern of ‘control and release for a long time to come’.
Evidence suggests the Oxford University vaccine – the main weapon in Britain’s arsenal to combat the virus – does not stop people falling ill with the South African variant, which is feared to be spreading in the community already.
Professor Boyd and several other prominent SAGE members have warned reopening the current shutdown too early could risk allowing new, equally concerning variants to spawn.
Mutations randomly happen as viruses spread but most changes never change the way it looks or behaves. Very high transmission gives the virus more opportunity to mutate and, therefore, drives up the risk that one of the alterations could change the course of the disease.
Professor Boyd told The Times: ‘It stands to reason that the more people there are in the population with infections — the prevalence — the more virus that is replicating and the more chance there is of even highly improbable mutations happening.’
He warned even if Britain gets on top of the South African strain, there will be more concerning ones down the line. He added: ‘My suspicion is that we will experience a damped oscillation of control-release for a long time to come — perhaps several years.’
Professor David Heymann, a top epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said people were going to have to ‘learn to live with’ Covid being an endemic illness
Professor Graham Medley, another SAGE member who is an infectious disease expert at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told the newspaper that ‘everything works better’ when there is lower prevalence, adding that the emergence of new variants ‘strengthens that case’.
The Government has promised to look at lifting the most draconian curbs when the most vulnerable have been given at least one dose of vaccine, which they hope will drive down hospital admissions and deaths to manageable levels.
But yesterday Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock left the door open to longer restrictions in the face of the South African strain — risking furious backlash from Tory backbenchers who’ve accused No10 of ‘moving the goalposts’ over ending lockdown.
Several other prominent leading scientists have already come out in support of extending the current shutdown to reduce the risk of the South African stain becoming widespread.
Professor Robin Shattock, of Imperial College London, who does not sit on SAGE but is a leader in advanced vaccine development, told The Times: ‘It would be very advisable to try to push the cases as low as possible to reduce the chance of additional variants. This would make sense alongside border restrictions.’
And Professor Mike Tildesley, from Warwick University, who also sits on SAGE, threw his support behind longer restrictions yesterday.
So far there have only been 147 confirmed cases of the South African variant in the UK but this is likely to be a vast underestimate because up until last week officials were only analysing 10 per cent of random positive swabs.
Scientists say the true number of cases is likely 10 to 20 times higher than the official count. No10 has deployed extra testing into more than 10 areas of England where the South African strain is thought to be spreading in the community.
The Prime Minister yesterday refused to rule out extending lockdown if the South African variant continues to spread.
Pressed on whether there may need to be a delay to easing restrictions if the jab is proven to be less effective at reducing transmission of the South African variant, the Prime Minister said vaccines are ‘going to offer a way out’ and ‘remain of massive benefit to our country’ — but failed to dismiss the prospect of a lockdown extension.
During a visit to a coronavirus test manufacturing facility in Derby, he said: ‘We’re very confident in all the vaccines that we’re using. And I think it’s important for people to bear in mind that all of them, we think, are effective in delivering a high degree of protection against serious illness and death, which is the most important thing.’
But Government sources said on Sunday night there was ‘no indication’ the easing of lockdown would be affected by the findings that the Oxford vaccine is less effective against the South African variant.
A tweaked version of the Oxford vaccine that targets the new strain is already in development and should be ready by August.